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🌅 Buổi sáng (15-20 phút) — Từ vựng: Government & Politics

Hôm nay chúng ta học về chính phủ và chính trị — kiến thức nền tảng cho IELTS Writing & Speaking! 🏛️🗳️

💡 Chưa biết đọc IPA? Xem Hướng Dẫn Đọc Phiên Âm Quốc Tế trước khi học từ vựng nhé!

📝 20 từ vựng hôm nay

# English Phát âm (IPA) Tiếng Việt Ví dụ
1 government /ˈɡʌvərnmənt/ chính phủ The government passed a new law.
2 politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ chính trị She is interested in politics.
3 election /ɪˈlekʃən/ cuộc bầu cử The election is held every four years.
4 vote /voʊt/ bỏ phiếu Citizens should vote in elections.
5 citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ công dân Every citizen has rights and duties.
6 policy /ˈpɒləsi/ chính sách The new policy aims to reduce poverty.
7 tax /tæks/ thuế People pay tax to the government.
8 parliament /ˈpɑːrləmənt/ quốc hội The parliament debated the new law.
9 president /ˈprezɪdənt/ tổng thống The president gave a speech.
10 minister /ˈmɪnɪstər/ bộ trưởng The minister of education made changes.
11 democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ dân chủ Democracy gives power to the people.
12 freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ tự do Freedom of speech is a basic right.
13 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ chiến dịch The campaign focused on healthcare.
14 debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ tranh luận There was a heated debate in parliament.
15 reform /rɪˈfɔːrm/ cải cách Education reform is needed.
16 budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ ngân sách The government announced the new budget.
17 regulation /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/ quy định New regulations were introduced.
18 oppose /əˈpoʊz/ phản đối Many people opposed the new tax.
19 support /səˈpɔːrt/ ủng hộ Most citizens support the reform.
20 welfare /ˈwelfer/ phúc lợi The government provides welfare services.

✏️ Bài tập sáng

  1. Đọc to từng từ 3 lần, chú ý phát âm IPA
  2. Che cột Tiếng Việt, nhìn từ English → nhớ nghĩa
  3. Che cột English, nhìn Tiếng Việt → nhớ từ tiếng Anh
  4. Viết ra giấy 5 từ bạn thấy khó nhớ nhất

🌙 Buổi tối (40-60 phút) — Grammar: Passive Voice — All Tenses Review

📖 Passive Voice là gì?

Passive Voice (câu bị động) dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động hoặc đối tượng bị tác động, thay vì người thực hiện.

Cấu trúc: S + be + V3 (past participle) + (by + agent)

🔑 Passive ở các thì

Thì Active Passive
Present Simple They pass the law. The law is passed.
Present Continuous They are debating the policy. The policy is being debated.
Past Simple They elected a new president. A new president was elected.
Past Continuous They were discussing the reform. The reform was being discussed.
Present Perfect They have announced the budget. The budget has been announced.
Past Perfect They had approved the law. The law had been approved.
Future Simple They will increase taxes. Taxes will be increased.
Modal verbs They must follow the rules. The rules must be followed.

Khi nào dùng Passive?

Trường hợp Ví dụ
Không biết ai làm My wallet was stolen.
Không quan trọng ai làm The law was passed in 2020.
Nhấn mạnh đối tượng The president was elected by the people.
Văn phong trang trọng (IELTS Writing) It is believed that education is important.

✏️ Bài tập 1: Chuyển sang Passive Voice

  1. The government passed a new law. → A new law ______
  2. Citizens elect the president every five years. → The president ______
  3. They are building a new parliament. → A new parliament ______
  4. Someone has stolen the documents. → The documents ______
  5. They will announce the results tomorrow. → The results ______
  6. People must pay taxes. → Taxes ______
  7. The minister was writing a report. → A report ______
  8. They had approved the budget before the meeting. → The budget ______
  9. The police are investigating the case. → The case ______
  10. People should respect the law. → The law ______

✏️ Bài tập 2: Chuyển sang Active Voice

  1. The new policy was introduced by the government.
  2. The election will be held next month.
  3. The budget has been approved by parliament.
  4. New regulations are being discussed.
  5. The reform must be supported by all citizens.

✏️ Bài tập 3: Sửa lỗi sai

  1. The law was pass last year.
  2. A new president has elected.
  3. The report is being write by the minister.
  4. Taxes will increased next year.
  5. The decision was been made yesterday.

✅ Đáp án Bài tập 1

Câu Đáp án Giải thích
1 A new law was passed (by the government). Past Simple passive
2 The president is elected every five years. Present Simple passive
3 A new parliament is being built. Present Continuous passive
4 The documents have been stolen. Present Perfect passive
5 The results will be announced tomorrow. Future Simple passive
6 Taxes must be paid. Modal passive
7 A report was being written (by the minister). Past Continuous passive
8 The budget had been approved before the meeting. Past Perfect passive
9 The case is being investigated (by the police). Present Continuous passive
10 The law should be respected. Modal passive

✅ Đáp án Bài tập 2

Câu Đáp án
1 The government introduced the new policy.
2 They will hold the election next month.
3 Parliament has approved the budget.
4 They are discussing new regulations.
5 All citizens must support the reform.

✅ Đáp án Bài tập 3

Câu Lỗi sai Sửa đúng Giải thích
1 pass The law was passed last year. Cần V3 (past participle)
2 has elected A new president has been elected. Thiếu “been” — Present Perfect passive
3 write The report is being written by the minister. write → written (V3)
4 will increased Taxes will be increased next year. Thiếu “be” — Future passive
5 was been The decision was made yesterday. Past Simple passive: was + V3, không cần been

😴 Trước ngủ (10-15 phút) — Nghe + Đọc

🎧 Listening: Nghe BBC (5 phút)

👉 BBC Learning English - Does your vote matter?

💡 Mẹo: Nghe lần 1 không nhìn text. Nghe lần 2 vừa nghe vừa đọc transcript.

📖 Reading: Đoạn đọc ngắn (5 phút)

In a democracy, elections are held regularly. Citizens have the right to vote for their leaders. The president or prime minister is chosen by the people.

The government creates policies to improve people’s lives. Taxes are collected to pay for public services like healthcare and education. The national budget is debated in parliament every year.

Sometimes, reforms are opposed by some groups. However, in a healthy democracy, different opinions are respected and freedom of speech is protected.

(85 từ)

❓ Câu hỏi đọc hiểu

  1. What happens regularly in a democracy?
  2. Who chooses the president or prime minister?
  3. Why are taxes collected?
  4. Where is the national budget debated?
  5. What is protected in a healthy democracy?

✅ Đáp án Reading

Câu Đáp án
1 Elections are held regularly.
2 The people choose the president or prime minister.
3 To pay for public services like healthcare and education.
4 In parliament.
5 Different opinions and freedom of speech are protected.

🎯 Tổng kết Day 4

  • Học 20 từ vựng Government & Politics
  • Ôn lại Passive Voice ở tất cả các thì
  • Làm 3 bài tập ngữ pháp
  • Đọc đoạn văn 85 từ + trả lời câu hỏi
  • Nghe BBC Learning English 1 lần

🌟 Passive Voice rất quan trọng trong IELTS Writing — dùng thật nhuần nhuyễn nhé! 🏛️💪