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📋 Chiến lược: Bar Chart là gì?

Bar Chart (biểu đồ cột) dùng để so sánh giữa các đối tượng hoặc nhóm. Có 2 loại:

Loại Đặc điểm Cách viết
Static (1 thời điểm) So sánh tại 1 thời điểm Tập trung vào so sánh
Dynamic (nhiều thời điểm) Thay đổi theo thời gian Kết hợp so sánh + xu hướng

3 bước phân tích Bar Chart

  1. Xác định loại — Static hay Dynamic?
  2. Tìm điểm nổi bật — Cao nhất, thấp nhất, chênh lệch lớn
  3. Nhóm dữ liệu — Nhóm cột cao vs cột thấp, hoặc theo xu hướng

📝 Ngôn ngữ so sánh cho Bar Chart

So sánh hơn (Comparatives)

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
more… than The UK had more tourists than Japan.
higher/lower than Sales were higher than the previous year.
adj-er than The figure was larger than that of France.
significantly/considerably more China spent significantly more than India.
slightly/marginally higher Group A was slightly higher than Group B.

So sánh nhất (Superlatives)

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
the highest/lowest The US had the highest number of visitors.
the most/least Japan spent the most on education.
the largest/smallest The largest proportion was for housing.
by far the highest China’s figure was by far the highest.

So sánh bằng & gần bằng

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
as… as France was as popular as Spain.
similar to The figure was similar to that of Germany.
almost/nearly the same as Sales were almost the same as in 2019.
twice/three times as much as The UK spent twice as much as Japan.

So sánh tỉ lệ

Cụm từ Ví dụ
accounted for Housing accounted for 35% of spending.
represented Food represented the largest category.
comprised Transport comprised 15% of the total.
made up Healthcare made up a fifth of the budget.

📝 Bài mẫu Band 6+

Đề bài

“The bar chart below shows the average monthly spending (in dollars) on four categories — food, transport, entertainment, and clothing — by people in three countries in 2022.”

Dữ liệu:

Category USA UK Japan
Food 500 400 450
Transport 350 300 200
Entertainment 250 200 150
Clothing 150 180 100

Bài mẫu

The bar chart compares the average monthly expenditure on four different categories by consumers in the USA, the UK, and Japan in 2022.

Overall, food was the largest area of spending in all three countries, while clothing represented the smallest. American consumers consistently spent more than their counterparts in the UK and Japan across all categories.

In terms of food, Americans spent the most at $500 per month, followed by Japanese consumers at $450 and British consumers at $400. A similar pattern was observed for transport, where spending in the USA stood at $350, compared to $300 in the UK and just $200 in Japan.

Regarding entertainment, the USA again had the highest expenditure at $250, which was $50 more than the UK and $100 more than Japan. Interestingly, clothing was the only category where British consumers ($180) spent more than Japanese consumers ($100), though both were lower than the American figure of $150. However, the UK figure of $180 was actually higher than the US figure for clothing.

Số từ: 172 từ ✅


📝 Useful Phrases cho Bar Chart

Mở đầu Body paragraph

Cụm từ Ví dụ
In terms of… In terms of food spending, the USA led.
Regarding… Regarding transport, Japan spent the least.
With regard to… With regard to entertainment…
As for… As for clothing, the pattern differed.
Looking at… Looking at the data for housing…
When it comes to… When it comes to education spending…

Nêu số liệu

Cụm từ Ví dụ
at + số The USA spent at $500.
with + số Japan, with $450, was the second highest.
at approximately Food costs stood at approximately $400.
compared to / with $500, compared to just $200 in Japan.
followed by The USA led, followed by the UK and Japan.
respectively The figures were 500, 400, and 300 respectively.

🎧 Bài tập thực hành

Bài tập 1: Phân tích dữ liệu

Tỉ lệ (%) người dùng mạng xã hội theo độ tuổi, năm 2023:

Độ tuổi Facebook Instagram TikTok
18-24 45 80 75
25-34 60 65 40
35-44 70 40 20
45+ 75 20 10

Câu hỏi:

  1. Mạng xã hội nào phổ biến nhất ở nhóm 18-24?
  2. Xu hướng sử dụng Facebook theo tuổi là gì?
  3. Viết 1 câu Overview cho biểu đồ này.

Bài tập 2: Viết bài hoàn chỉnh

Dùng dữ liệu ở Bài tập 1, viết bài Task 1 hoàn chỉnh (≥150 từ).

Bài tập 3: So sánh

Viết câu so sánh cho các tình huống sau:

  1. USA: $500, Japan: $250 (gấp đôi)
  2. UK: 40%, France: 42% (gần bằng)
  3. China: 900 triệu, India: 300 triệu (gấp 3)
  4. Germany: cao nhất trong các nước
  5. Brazil: thấp nhất trong các nước

✅ Đáp án & Giải thích

Bài tập 1

  1. Instagram (80%) phổ biến nhất ở nhóm 18-24
  2. Facebook tăng theo tuổi — càng lớn tuổi càng dùng nhiều (45% → 75%)
  3. Gợi ý: “Overall, Instagram and TikTok were most popular among younger age groups, while Facebook usage increased with age, being most favoured by those aged 45 and above.”

Bài tập 3

  1. “Americans spent twice as much as Japanese consumers, at $500 compared to $250.”
  2. “The figures for the UK and France were nearly identical, at 40% and 42% respectively.”
  3. “China’s figure was three times higher than that of India, at 900 million versus 300 million.”
  4. “Germany had the highest figure among all the countries surveyed.”
  5. “Brazil recorded the lowest figure of all the countries.”

🎯 Tổng kết Day 4

Hôm nay bạn đã học:

  • 2 loại Bar Chart — Static vs Dynamic
  • Ngôn ngữ so sánh — hơn, nhất, bằng, gấp bội
  • Bài mẫu Band 6+ — cấu trúc chuẩn cho Bar Chart
  • Useful phrases — mở đầu đoạn, nêu số liệu, so sánh

🌟 Bar Chart thường kết hợp với Line Graph hoặc Pie Chart — luyện ngôn ngữ so sánh thật nhuần nhuyễn! ✍️📊