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📋 Tại sao cần Academic Vocabulary?
Lexical Resource chiếm 25% điểm Writing. Giám khảo đánh giá:
- Bạn có dùng từ đa dạng không?
- Bạn có thể paraphrase không?
- Bạn dùng từ có chính xác không?
Band 5: Dùng từ cơ bản, lặp lại nhiều Band 6: Dùng từ đa dạng hơn, ít lỗi Band 7: Dùng từ chính xác, linh hoạt, ít lặp
📝 Bảng thay thế từ cơ bản → formal
Động từ (Verbs)
| Từ cơ bản | Từ formal | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| think | believe / consider / argue | I believe that education is essential. |
| get | obtain / acquire / gain | Students can acquire valuable skills. |
| give | provide / offer / supply | Schools should provide practical training. |
| show | demonstrate / illustrate / indicate | Research demonstrates that… |
| make | create / generate / produce | This generates significant revenue. |
| help | assist / facilitate / enable | Education enables people to… |
| change | transform / alter / modify | This has transformed the industry. |
| use | utilize / employ / adopt | Companies should adopt new methods. |
| need | require / necessitate | This requires careful planning. |
| keep | maintain / preserve / retain | It is important to maintain standards. |
Tính từ (Adjectives)
| Từ cơ bản | Từ formal | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| good | beneficial / advantageous / valuable | This is beneficial for society. |
| bad | detrimental / harmful / adverse | Pollution has adverse effects. |
| big | significant / substantial / considerable | A significant number of people… |
| important | crucial / essential / vital | Education is crucial for development. |
| many | numerous / a large number of | Numerous studies have shown… |
| hard | challenging / demanding / difficult | This is a challenging problem. |
| enough | sufficient / adequate | There is insufficient funding. |
Danh từ (Nouns)
| Từ cơ bản | Từ formal | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| problem | issue / concern / challenge | A major concern is air pollution. |
| answer | solution / remedy / response | An effective solution would be… |
| chance | opportunity / possibility | This provides an opportunity for… |
| money | funds / resources / revenue | The government should allocate funds. |
| people | individuals / citizens / the public | Many individuals are affected. |
| result | outcome / consequence / impact | The outcome of this policy is… |
📝 Collocations phổ biến cho Writing Task 2
Collocations với “play”
| Collocation | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| play a vital role | đóng vai trò quan trọng | Education plays a vital role in society. |
| play a key/major part | đóng phần quan trọng | Parents play a key part in children’s development. |
Collocations với “have”
| Collocation | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| have a significant impact on | có tác động lớn đến | Poverty has a significant impact on health. |
| have access to | có quyền tiếp cận | Everyone should have access to education. |
| have a tendency to | có xu hướng | Young people have a tendency to… |
Collocations với “take”
| Collocation | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| take measures/steps | thực hiện biện pháp | Governments should take measures to… |
| take into account/consideration | xem xét | We must take this into consideration. |
| take responsibility for | chịu trách nhiệm | Individuals should take responsibility for… |
Collocations khác
| Collocation | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| raise awareness | nâng cao nhận thức | Campaigns can raise awareness about… |
| meet the needs of | đáp ứng nhu cầu | Schools should meet the needs of all students. |
| make a contribution to | đóng góp cho | Everyone can make a contribution to society. |
| pose a threat to | đe dọa | Pollution poses a threat to public health. |
| reach a conclusion | đi đến kết luận | Based on the evidence, we can reach the conclusion that… |
📖 Ví dụ: Nâng cấp từ vựng
❌ Band 5 (từ cơ bản, lặp lại)
I think that education is very important. Education helps people get good jobs. Many people think education is good. Education can make people’s lives better. The government should give more money to education.
Vấn đề: “education” lặp 4 lần, “think” 2 lần, toàn từ cơ bản.
✅ Band 6+ (từ đa dạng, formal)
I firmly believe that education plays a vital role in personal and professional development. By providing individuals with essential knowledge and skills, the education system enables them to secure better employment opportunities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that societies with higher literacy rates tend to have stronger economies. Therefore, governments should allocate sufficient funds to improve educational institutions and ensure that all citizens have equal access to quality learning.
Cải thiện: paraphrase “education” → “the education system”, “learning”; “think” → “believe”; “important” → “vital role”; “good jobs” → “better employment opportunities”
🎧 Bài tập thực hành
Bài tập 1: Thay thế từ cơ bản
Viết lại các câu sau dùng từ formal hơn:
-
“I think that this problem is very bad.” → __________
-
“Many people need to get more money.” → __________
-
“The government should give help to poor people.” → __________
-
“This change is good for the country.” → __________
-
“There are a lot of problems in big cities.” → __________
Bài tập 2: Điền Collocation
Chọn collocation phù hợp để hoàn thành câu:
- Education __________ in shaping children’s future. (play)
- Governments should __________ to reduce pollution. (take)
- Social media __________ on young people’s mental health. (have)
- Public campaigns can __________ about environmental issues. (raise)
- Healthcare services should __________ all citizens. (meet)
Bài tập 3: Nâng cấp đoạn văn
Viết lại đoạn văn sau — thay tất cả từ cơ bản bằng từ formal:
“I think that sports are very good for children. Sports help children stay healthy and make friends. Many children don’t do enough sports because they spend too much time on phones. The government should give money to build more sports places.”
✅ Đáp án gợi ý
Bài tập 1
- “I believe that this issue is extremely detrimental.”
- “Numerous individuals require additional financial resources.”
- “The government should provide assistance to disadvantaged citizens.”
- “This transformation is beneficial for the nation.”
- “There are numerous challenges in major urban areas.”
Bài tập 2
- plays a vital role
- take measures / take steps
- has a significant impact
- raise awareness
- meet the needs of
Bài tập 3
“I firmly believe that physical activities are highly beneficial for young people. Regular exercise enables children to maintain good health and develop valuable social skills through teamwork. However, a considerable number of youngsters fail to engage in sufficient physical activity due to excessive screen time. Therefore, governments should allocate funds to construct additional sports facilities in local communities.”
💡 Tips cho Academic Vocabulary
- ĐỪNG dùng từ quá khó mà bạn không chắc nghĩa → dùng sai = mất điểm
- Học theo collocations — “play a role” KHÔNG phải “do a role”
- Thay thế 3-4 từ cơ bản mỗi essay là đủ — đừng cố thay hết
- Đọc bài mẫu Band 7+ để thấy cách dùng từ formal tự nhiên
- Paraphrase = đổi từ + đổi cấu trúc — chỉ đổi 1 trong 2 là chưa đủ
🎯 Tổng kết Day 5
Hôm nay bạn đã học:
- ✅ Bảng thay thế từ cơ bản → formal (verbs, adjectives, nouns)
- ✅ Collocations phổ biến — play a role, take measures, raise awareness…
- ✅ So sánh Band 5 vs Band 6+ vocabulary
- ✅ Luyện tập nâng cấp từ vựng trong đoạn văn
🌟 Từ vựng tốt = điểm Writing cao hơn! Ngày mai: Timed Essay Practice — viết 2 bài essay thật trong 40 phút! 💪✍️